Managing Personal Finances Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Essays Fi

Managing Personal FinancesManaging personal finances is an important skill to acquire. However, no where in school is this subject taught. As a result of a omit of preparation, our society is subject to a high percentage of people who lack fiscal success. Those who are successful at managing their personal finances will find that they are successful in many other areas as well. To learn how to manage personal finances in that respect are books and web sites that provide a step by step guide to successfully managing personal finances. Those who lack financial success often occupy many of the same traits. The first reason most people lack financial success is because they lack knowledge, or better yet, a desire to exculpate knowledge. If a person is not interested in learning how to manage their personal finances, then it is unlikely that they will become successful in doing so. fagt procrastinate Successful people get things done early they are the first to turn things in , and the first to see results. There is no age like the present, so make the most of every day.If a person has not learned how to manage their time, they are also likely to lack financial success. Time that is spent doing nothing, only takes time away from which you can be doing something to improve yourself and your financial status. Also, people who lack financial success, have a lack of foresight. Achievers can look beyond the immediate and into the future. It is important to weigh t...

Assassination Of Gaius Julius Caesar :: essays research papers fc

Assassination of Gaius Julius CaesarCaius Julius Caesar, a Roman consul, was a great leader and a terribledictator.Many of his reforms were excellent, and he also was hungry for the power ofRoman Dictator, which would give him absolute power for as long as he requiredit. Throughout his life he did many things including creating the calendar thatwe know today, advancing mathematics, and many other scholarly things. When hebecame dictator in 44 B.C., those in power knew he must be stopped, and so hewas assassinated.Caesar was born in 100 B.C., sometime in July. Around the age of 22, ineffective to gain a political position in the Forum, he went to Rhodes to studyrhetoric. There he became a priest and scholar. During the Next 20-30 years,Caesar became a triumvir (consisting of Crassus, Pompey, and Caesar), governor,and finally repair dictator of Rome.In 48 B.C. the Roman Senate gave Caesar the power of dictator for oneyear. During this time he defeated Pompey. In 45 B.C. the Senate m ade himconsul for ten years, but in 44 B.C. after winning his final victory andpacifying the Roman world, Caesar decided to became dictator for life. Thisprompted Gaius Cassius and Marcus Junius Brutus to plot an assassination topreserve the Roman Republic. On bump into 15, 44 B.C. Julius Caesar was killed inthe Senate house.The reason behind the assassination of Gauis Julius Caesar was veryclear. He just had too much power. Cassius and Brutus knew that if Caesarbecame the dictator he would destroy the Roman republic. Caesar knew that bybecoming the dictator he would have those who did not like him, so he inactedthe Sanctity of the Tribunes, which enabled him to be unharmed without dire

Total Quality Management Essay -- essays research papers fc

Total Quality centeringTotal Quality Management Total Quality Management is a strategical system involving teamwork, which is essential to the success of all businesses. This process has been developed and strengthened over several decades. This has caused businesses to work together to improve their knowledge of recent engineering and approaches to training. Total Quality Management helps to competitively meet the demands of customers by bringing organizations together with management enabling professionals to improve customer quality. Total Quality Management was developed not long after World War II. The United States occupation forces was aiding Japan to help them develop quality systems to thaw problems concerning the telephone system. W. Edwards Deming and JM Juran were businessmen who were deeply concerned with the issues occurring in Japan. These businessmen eventually brought Total Quality Management to the United States although it was initially limited to munitions and telecommunications. It was a mode of sorting out defective products from good products by careful inspection through a production line. (http//tqms.com/). Philip B. Crosby is a businessman who consistently emphasizes the importance of come quality Management through his numerous speeches. He solely believed in carefulness and doing things right the first time in order to prevent errors. Crosby ruling it would be a greater loss of sales and money to neglect problems. He strongly believe...

The Maori Culture Essay -- Zealand Religion Spiritual Essays Papers Na

The Maori CultureIntroduction The following paper examines the history and religion of the ancient Maori people. It is my belief that exploration of tralatitious belief systems and ritualistic practices will lead to a greater understanding of the Maori culture in present-day New Zealand. The objective of the paper is to illustrate the Maoris grotesque perception and spiritual connection with their natural environment. Brief Maori HistoryThe Maori, Children of Heaven, are the indigenous people of New Zealand. It has been thought that Polynesian navigator Kupe, observed New Zealand in 950 AD, and named the island Aotearoa, Land of the long white cloud.1 The Maori migrated to New Zealand from the tropical islands of Polynesia in the Pacific Ocean. The long voyage was made possible by the Maoris ability to use the stars, birds flights, cloud patterns, and the waters color to guide their canoes to shore.1 Upon arrival, the Maori settled into various tribes (Iwi) and sub-tribes (Hapu) across the island.3 In order to adapt to the cool, damp humor and rough terrain of New Zealand, the Maori created durable shelter and clothing. They resourcefully utilized the wood and flax fibers from the abundant forests to build homes and weave clothing.4The Maori tribes were able to evolve and flourish as a result of hunting and agriculture. The relative isolation of the island enabled the Maori to develop a rich, unique culture.5 Thus, the Maori culture was able to resist crumbling under European colonization in 1769. irrespective of the Europeans incessant fight for land ownership, the Maori persisted in viewing that the land as Mother Earths placenta and not belonging to anyone.3 It is remarkable that the Maori withstood... ... belong to piece rather the humans belong to the land.3 The perspective that humans play a small role in the universes movement is a embarrassing thought. The Maori live their lives as human beings, while allowing nature to live its life. As seen ab ove with the seasonal worker rituals, the Maori have a deep understanding, reliance, and respect for nature. It is their brothers that bring the seasonal weather changes and the life cycles that result. Thus, the Maori view the variable climate of New Zealand in a deep, meaningful light.Bibliographyhttp//www.geocites.com/TheTropics/Shores/9338/culture.htm1 http//www.crystalinks.com/maori.html http//travel-by-mouse.com/page.asp?PageID=151&LangID=25 http//www.pacificislandtravel.com/new_zealand/about_destin/maoritanga.html6 http//www.ace.net.au/darkmoon/kiwipag.htm7 http//www.hakoke.com/wheel.html

The Growing Trend of Sex and Violence in Media Today Essay -- essays r

Modern day society is composed of rules and structures. The general public has become much more sensitive over the years, resulting in a rattling politically correct atmosphere. Moreover, parents have decided that the opportune way of reaching their ambitions is through the lives of their children. Under this strict lifestyle, one would presume that our values are very(prenominal) conservative. Surprisingly, the opposite is true. Due to the sexual and violent permissiveness in todays Multi-Media, our society has developed a sordid standard of morals.Sex is practically considered to be taboo among families. Parents do not want to believe that their children are aware of it, and vice-versa. While the family is living in a state of denial, the media is embracing sexuality. It is most impossible to go anywhere without being exposed to sexual media. Virtually all advertisements, regardless of form, use sexuality to sell their product. This ranges from beer commercials using scantily clothe women to advertise their product to males, to magazines that draw our attention by writing the word sex in big, bold...

Marketing The New Car Brand

In un divergentiated strategy, it is assumed that the commercialize is one nifty homogeneous unit, with no significant differences between individuals thin that commercialise. 4. 3) Customized approach Companies overlook customized approach to ingest brand profitable in market as it is strategy which is adopt to larn for each customer as opposed to each segment. This approach is dominant in market. This approach can make brand different from other car brands by giving the different requirements in assembly line. Undifferentiated trade would be the best for England SEC.According to Blithe, undifferentiated marketing is about apply a scatter gun approach (2012 85). In the future plans we will introduce customized approach as well. By adopting this approach we can make our brand different from other car brands by giving the different requirements in assembly line for the manufacture of automobiles. The cars will not be class-leaders, and European models will laissez passer hig her nominateards, but the launch England SEC is at least inoffensive and should offer lots of room. 5. Positioning Kettle (1997) says that Positioning is the act of designing the companys fling and target customers minds.Positioning is not what you do to a product it is what you do to the mind of a prospect (Rise and Trout, 1972). To make our brand compete in racket we drive to focus on whatever positioning strategies. Fig (AAA) According to market survey Renault has positioned their brand up, that creates a vacuum and Geol. can hold that position. As AKA, Haunted, parliamentary procedure and Citroen will be the main competitors for our England SEC, so in coiffe to penetrate in the market we consent to introduce more competitive strategies. Along with providing number one price and longest sanction, Geol. has to pay more focus on customer services.Therefore geol. is providing breakdown cover for three years and as geol. exclusive Geol. will win customers with low premium or can also offer them change in their premium n heavy months so that customer will realise to buy the car and can offer discount if they make the payment in full as one off payment. This will help Geol. to stand out than other competitors and will help to get more sales and profit. 6. Marketing Mix The term marketing mix was first coined by Neil Borden, the chairwoman of American association in 1953. It is a mixture of sev seasonl ideas and plans brought forward to promote a particular product and brand.The fractions of marketing mix argon a lot called the four As of marketing which are product price promotion rest home Fig (AAA) This four ups concept was used in old era when choice was limited with no extra services. notwithstanding now in this changing consumer marketing services with product are essential which gives rise to fifth P I. E. People. Some commentators added two more As which are physical evidence and processes. For our Geol. England SEC, we have used these 7 As a s follow 6. 1) crossway Product attribute and reliability should be in our mind if we are going to capture consumer market.The specification of England SEC is 0-MPH 12. Sec Top speed 1 MPH Economy 43. Amps ICC 181 g/km Kerr weight keg Engine type 4 heel drive Power EBPP at ramp tortuosity 127 lb. Ft. At ramp Gearbox 5- SSP manual. Rupees self-propelling fit-and-finish departments certainly dont have anything to fear from this car Our brand Geol. England SEC provides convenience and comfort, reliable performance and long warranty of 7 years to compete main competitor Aka because Skis unique selling point is its 7-year warranty (business case studies, 2012).The SEC isnt going to threaten Rupees class-leading family cars but from EYE. O for a full-sized family car, no one will expect it to. 6. 2) price Sound pricing decisions are crucial to a successful business and should be considered at both long-term strategic and short-term tactical levels. We priced our brand similar to compet itor and Geol. SEC will be EYE that is cheap and affordable for the leverage of a new car. Geol. will be launched as an entry level, for money. Geol. will providing easy finances and also provide discount to the customers who will pay the relief off in one payment. . 3) Promotion As people in UK are not aware of our brand Geol., so we will spend a huge amount to promote by participation in automobile exhibitions, advertising on internet, swappers, magazines radio, television and by personal selling leaflets. 6. 4) Place The place aspect of marketing mix deals with the distribution channel for products and services. In order to control the distribution channel, Geol. at the beginning will generate more automotive dealers so that the car display shops go high and people can easily approach it.We will increase the numbers of directly operated stores in order to get an access to the local markets and will also create a website in order to reserve a place in the e-commerce world. 6. 5) People This element of marketing mix covers the front line sales and customer service staff ho will have a direct impact on how your product is perceived. Galleys distributors will not only make their staff well-trained and knowledgeable about the product, but also there will be the discipline motley of people for the Job. Geol. will consider customer service as top preference. . 6) Physical Evidence Geol. will provide as much evidence of the quality as possible. To make customer relax and confident Geol. will also offer test drive service, so the customer can have or so practical evidence before buying. Geol. will ask for feedback from customers so we can develop to bring in new customers. 6. 7) Processes The process part of the mix is about macrocosm easy to do business with. Geol. will provide customer with customer help line number which will be easily accessible to the right department to solve their problem.Geol. will also design its website with update technology, which will show the availably or non-availability of the product in particular shops. These advances processes will help Geol. to attract customers because of its easy-to approach method. 7. SOOT ANALYSIS weaknesses, opportunities and threats involved in a project or in business venture. The soot analysis for Geol. SEC is briefly described in table below Table (AAA) 8. Recommendations We should go for media advertising to improve brand image by spreading company policies and mutations to our consumer.Advertisement of Geol. through different channel exchangeable web, print media etc. Is also necessary. As customer today has become more cynical, time constrained and demanding therefore to deliver real customer satisfaction, our precession at launch is to have a trained representative network. Mostly customers have concerns about customer services, to get market edge we have to make and consistently keep our customer service as good as customer needs and acquirement. Geol. can target new customer through limpid appraisal and feedback.We should have to customize our product according to customer desire like fancy styled alloy rims for young customers, diesel engine for customers doing high state highway mileage etc. Geol. should do engine modifications to attract wide range of customers. Geol. should not be market orientated only for capturing the consumer technology and have to do some innovation regarding car specifications like car interior/exterior design in order to compete with other car manufacturers and to capture consumer intentions. We have to widen our range as quickly as possible, probably at least a new model range every year for the following(a) few years. 9.Summary of Days article the Days article says that business performance depends on the advance skill in understanding the customer which has being more often than not approved by the marketing researcher who says the impact is high in market orientation course on business performance. It is alm ost axiomatic that through on-going monitor of customers, their needs, and market conditions, firms adapt to develop and deliver the products and services that are valued by customers by using total quality management (TTS). This behavior, termed market orientation (MO), is now central to marketing thought and practice as a key predictor of firm performance.However, the construct continues to receive comminuted, largely adverse, commentary from some scholars, Hammer and Parallax (1994) argued that an MO leaves the organization open to the tyranny of the server market in which managers see the world only through their current customers eyes and develop TTS which does not give tyrannical output. Brother, Hilbert, and Pit (1999) suggested that being market oriented detracts from innovation. The common theme among the criticisms is that businesses pay a penalty or being market oriented.Slater and Nerve (1995) also argued that MO is inherently entrepreneurial because a market-oriented firm is able to anticipate and respond to the latent and emerging needs of customers. Mentor, and ?isomer (2002) found that MO mediated the impact of entrepreneurial proclivity on business performance. Although they advance the literature, these studies do not explicitly acknowledge or measure the proactive proportionality of MO and thereby fail to respond adequately to the charge that MO is overly responsive However, significant gaps remain in responding to the critics.First, scholars present an overly positive view of responsive and proactive MO they neglect the potential costs associated with each dimension of MO that may diminish firm performance. The responsive and proactive market orientations may influence overall new product program performance through their impacts on incremental and radical innovations, respectively. This suggests that project teams working on product improvements may practice responsive MO, while those working on radical innovations practice proactive ma rket orientation. 0. Summary of the new consumer article suck in appendix, page 12. 11. Critical appraisal of recommendations in relation to Days article In our recommendations we are quite agreed with Days initial statement that customers are very important and the more you know what customers want, the more you are going to do business profitably. And we also recommended that business should relate and regulate its capabilities according to customers demand. But we are not agreed with Days statement of being totally market oriented using TTS.Here we will oriented because it get distracted from innovation and thats why we recommended that Geol. should not be market orientated only for capturing the consumer market UT also should have a look over future aspects and innovations. 12. Relating critical appraisal to the new consumer As relating new consumer to the recommendation made on the days article, we analyses baker also said that the consumer should be stipulation be given imp ortance as the business environment has been changed now.He said the key challenges facing consumer marketers have been thrown up by the tectonic change that has impacted the macro-marketing environment. In the shift from a production-driven to a consumption-led economy, conventional approaches to consumer marketing are not succeeding in enabling organizations to master the dynamic complexity of the new market place. These key challenges can be summarized as the need to Address the concern of brand owners and retailers. Embrace the new consumer. Help organizations develop real consumer responsiveness. Lift marketing out of its crisis.

What Is Your Definition of Leadership?

In my opinion, leadership is the ability to inspire and motivate deal enough for them to be willing to participate and get involved towards the achievement of a common goal. I see leadership as a process which good deal be improved over time and experience, but only by some superstar who has some inwrought leadership competences. In determining what leadership means to me, I decided to analyse two different leadership cases. I will firstly discuss and analyse Nelson Mandelas leadership style, which appeared to be mainly transformational.I will try to demonstrate how Nelson Mandela proved that leadership was a two-part process amongst the leader and his followers, and how critical it is for a leader to be well-thought-of and admired by his followers in order for him to be effective. In addition, a leader needs to be trustworthy, passionate and devoted to achieving a shared objective. More importantly, a good leader will abandon his subordinates one time he achieved a face-to-f ace goal. Throughout this essay, I will try to support my opinion being that, efficient leadership lies somewhere in between the trait and the style approaches whilst taking into account the situational approach.In my opinion, not everyone can be a leader, but if someone is meant to be one, leadership skills need to be versed and improved over time and adapted according to different situations. If not born a leader, one can only become one to a certain and limited extent, as we will see in Barack Obamas case. President Obama first started as an acknowledged inspirational and passionate leader, who people admired, respected and wanted to join. However, a few years after his election, it seems like his glory days are behind him, and that he isnt the leader he use to be any more(prenominal).It might appear that once he was elected president, and his personal goal has been achieved, Obama didnt bout as hard for his subordinates as he did for his personal satis faction. His lack of co mmunication and inspirational speeches seem to have considerably damaged his reputation as a leader. It appears that Obama gave the Statesns too high desires that he wasnt fitting to keep up with and fulfil, creating a wave of disappointment among his supporters. It seems to me that Barack Obama was a great leader throughout his campaign, but that once elected, he was lacking some crucial leadership skills required as a President.In fact, one could argue that he wasnt born a leader. In contrast to Nelson Mandela, he was only capable to be a leader to a certain extent, his mop up being during his presidential campaign. By conflict vigorously against apartheid, Nelson Mandela rapidly became an iconic figure of opposite in South Africa, and was thereafter acknowledged as the most significant black leader South Africa had ever known. He devoted his life to fighting against racism and apartheid in South Africa and for peace.However his life objectives were not personal satisfactions , but satisfactions of his supporters. He fought for their freedom and well-being before fighting for his own. In fact, he neer compromised his political position even to regain his freedom. He could have backed chain reactor after being released from the Robben Island prison in 1990 (after 27 years of fell imprisonment), after being awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 or even after becoming president in 1994. Yet he didnt, and continued to fight for his peoples freedom and rights.Nelson Mandela has always demonstrated some legendary listening skills which are essential to being an efficient democratic leader. Indeed, he conditioned at a very young age from his guardian how listening to differents was a vital skill in effective leadership. In fact, his guardian utilise to listen to everyones opinions first while remaining silent, before guiding the group to reach a consensus (Stengel, 1994). Therefore, one could argue that Mandelas effective democratic or participative leade rship style was greatly godly by his childhood experience.Throughout his life as a leader, Nelson Mandela always encouraged people to share their ideas and opinions, to which he carefully listened before reservation the final decision. This way, he managed to get people to be more assiduous and devoted to a particular cause, leading to higher(prenominal) productivity towards their goals achievement (Lewin, K. , Liippit, R. and White, R. K. 1939). Moreover, by entering the debate and being the last one to speak, he also gains a considerable advantage, as he is the one to close the argument.He also cultivated other leadership skills through his personal experience of being a cows herder When you want to get a herd to move in a certain direction, you stand at the back with a stick. Then a few of the more energetic cattle move to the front and the rest of the cattle follow. You are really guiding them from behind. That is how a leader should do his work (Stengel, 1994, Nelson Mandel a The making of a leader, Time Magazine, may 9th 1994). Thus, even before being in any position of leadership, Nelson Mandela revealed himself as a born leader.We can consequently assume that the Traits approach is relevant to efficient leadership. Indeed, Mandela seems to have been born with some essential traits that characterize a leader. Known as the main-man in South Africa, he was charismatic, influential, sociable, intelligent, alert, persistent, responsible, self-confident, and ready to assume the consequences of his decisions, as he did by going to jail. Thus Mandela innate leadership style clearly corresponds to Stogdills characteristics of the Traits approach (Stogdill, 1948).Moreover, Nelson Mandela was also widely accepted as a transformational leader, as he was able to inspire and motivate his supporters to work towards a common goal through the power and persuasiveness of his vision and personality. He strongly engaged with his followers, and made them aware of what achieving a particular goal meant (Barbuto, 2005 Barnett, McCormick & Conners, 2001 Gellis, 2001). As James MacGregor Burns (1978) firstly introduced it, transformational leadership is when leaders and followers maker each other to advance to a higher level of moral and motivation. In addition, according to Bernard M.Basss Transformational leadership Theory (1985), transformational leaders are trusted, respected and admired by their followers. Thus, as Nelson Mandela clearly gathered trust, respect and admiration among his supporters, we can say that his leadership style also corresponded to the transformational one. In fact, Nelson Mandela didnt sharpen his leadership skills from anywhere, he was a natural leader and his skills came intuitively. He was born a leader and refined his skills with the personal experiences he gained over the years, which enabled him to effectively adapt to various situations.He strongly believed in consensus and knew how to empower his subordinates a nd motivate them to achieving a common objective. His legendary success as a leader was also mainly due to the fact that he was seen as approachable compassionate and honest. Yet, he was undeniably respected and admired for his courage, his wisdom and his determination. On the other hand, Barack Obama, whose presidential campaign aroused unrecorded en thereofiasm, hope and inspiration, seems to have unexpectedly disappointed his followers once elected President of the United States of America.Indeed, during his campaign, Barack Obama astonished everyone with his unpredicted inspirational, passionate and enthusiastic speeches. Who doesnt remember his Yes we can speech given in New Hampshire in 2008? At the time, it seemed like Obama had all it took to be a great leader, he had a strong charisma, was motivated, inspired and seeking to achieve a common goal, thus showing many aspects of a Transformational as well as Charismatic leader. However, soon after his election, his supporters t ack together themselves disillusioned by their Presidents leadership skills.They felt like his motivation and enthusiasm had faded away, and that he wasnt the inspirational leader he used to be. Obama was effective as a leader during his campaign, at one place and time, but became unsuccessful as soon as the situation and the factors about him changed, due to his rigidity and inability to adapt to contextual changes. Thus, Obama can clearly be related to Fiedlers Contingency theory, as he became ineffective as soon as the factors around him changed.Unlike Nelson Mandela, Barack Obama seems to be more of an educated leader, who cultivated most of his leadership skills from Columbia and Harvard universities, therefore embracing the style approach which suggests that his conduct of leader is distinct from his personality. In fact, Obama never appeared as a born leader, with innate leadership skills, and had no particular leadership experience, when he became President. Critics of Bara ck Obama emphasize the fact that his lack of leadership has already been demonstrated in various scenarios.Most of his supporters criticize his lack of communication and his invisibility. They feel somehow deserted and let down by the man who not long ago, aroused their highest hopes. Even the Democrats now acknowledge his lack of presence Dems say privately Obama is invisible, not a leader. (Joe Scarborough, 2011). matchless would have thought that Barack Obamas leadership skills would have had improved as he gained in experience as a President, yet it looks like his apogee as a leader what during his campaign and that since then the leadership part of him is disappearing.In fact, Barack Obama brought only a few, if any, leadership skills into his presidency, and has deceivingly developed none after near 3 years of experience (Kelly OConnell, 2011). As a President, Obama has espoused a delegating and passive leadership style, which wasnt the best style to adopt in a period of de ep crisis, when perseverance and prompt decision-making skills were required, thus clearly lacking some situational leadership skills (David Brooks, 2011). Barack Obama consequently appeared as the wrong man for the situation, and not the erson America needed, due to his lack of toughness, imagination and determination. The Presidential candidate who was known for his grand enthusiasm and his passion seems to have vanished to make room to a President who got overwhelmed by his job and ran out of ideas shortly after taking office (David Frum, 2011 David Brooks, 2011). It became vague in Obamas supporters minds whether he was the turnaround leader America needed or not (Michael Watkins, Thursday January 22, 2009, Can Obama lead the Great American Turnaround? Harvard fear review). According to Michael Watkins, Obama demonstrated more Steward Attributes than Hero Attributes, which were vital considering the reasonableness of the crisis. Undoubtedly, President Obama was more conservati ve, diplomatic and supportive than visionary, directive and charismatic. To conclude, we can say that the difference between Nelson Mandelas and Barack Obamas leadership style is striking.Nelson Mandela, can be acknowledged as a born leader who improved his leadership skills throughout his experience as a countrys leader, whereas Barack Obama tends to be more of an educated leader, who couldnt keep up with his status expectations. One was able to adapt to situational changes and prove himself as a true leader fighting for his people when the other disappointed his followers by suddenly disappearing through a lack of communication and perseverance to achieve the set common goals, thus generating a common feeling of abandonment.In my opinion, these two cases reinforce my proposition of a leaders definition, as we clearly saw that leadership skills should be innate and improved through time to make an effective leader. Moreover, by observing Mandelas and Obamas leadership cases, we saw how an efficient leader must evermore motivate and inspire his followers to achieving a common objective that should be kept in mind and should remain the main focus of the leader as well as the followers.Clearly, without the support of his followers, a leader cannot achieve anything. Thus, as I suggested it, leadership is a two-way process in which the nurture of relationships between the two parties is essential, as recognized by Peter Northouse (2010). References Barbuto, 2005 Barnett, McCormick & Conners, 2001 Gellis, 2001 Bass,B. M,(1985). Leadership and Performance. N. Y, Free Press Brooks, David (June 28, 2011), Convener in Chief, The New York Times, N. Y edition pA23. Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. N. Y Harper and Raw.Fiedler, F. E. (1967) A Theory of Leadership Effectiveness, New York McGraw-Hill Frum, David (June 28th 2011), Obama is his own worst Enemy, http//www. frumforum. com/obama-is-his-own-worst-enemy, accessed the 07/01/12 Lewin, K. , Liippit, R. and White, R. K. (1939). Patterns of aggressive behavior in experimentally created social climates. Journal of Social Psychology, 10, 271-301 Northouse, P. G. (2010), Leadership theory and practice (5th edition) Thousand Oaks, Sage. OConnell, Kelly, Sunday, July 31, 2011 , www. canadafreepress. om obamas leadership style is classic liberalism no vision+ utter incompetence = total failure accessed the 05/01/12 Stengel, 1994, Nelson Mandela The making of a leader, Time Magazine, May 9th 1994 Stogdill, R. M. , 1948. Personal factors associated with leadership A survey of the literature. Journal of Psychology. 25 35-71. Watkins, Michael (Thursday January 22nd, 2009), Can Obama lead the Great American Turnaround? Harvard business review, http//blogs. hbr. org/watkins/2009/01/the_great_american_turnaround. html, accessed the 07/02/12

Music Concert Report Essay

The highly respected jazz trio made up of pianist snoot Charlap, bass partist Kenny Washington and drummer Peter Washington played for about an hour an a half. Their smooth melodies and precise playing worked perfectly together to give a bang-up performance against the New York City skyline at Dizzys Club Coca-Cola. The trio opened up the show with a shout called Ill immortalize April.The song was originally written in 1941 by Gene de Paul (Wilson, McElrath, Tyle). Ill Remember April first performance was in a precise atypical setting. The song was non performed in a Broadway play or Jazz Club but rather the 1942 comedy Called Ride Em Cowboy. impostor Dick Foran sang the song in what a critic at the age called, Ill Remember April was an oasis of sanity in the madness (Wilson, McElrath, Tyle). Although an homophile(a) start the movie Ride Em Cowboy proved to be significant in the Jazz community for a nonher reason as well.In the movie the famous jazz vocalist Ella Fitzgeral d appeared in her first film role playing an employee at the dude ranch named Ruby (Ill Remember April (1941)). She projected a light, frothy, easy-going humor in her performance of A-Tisket, A-Tasket (Ill Remember April (1941)). This movie brought out just how significant jazz harmony was at the time because it made a mediocre film come to life. This was not Gene De Pauls first time creating a brilliant jazz song.The pianist, composer and transcriber had written some songs before for Hollywood films and Broadway shows such as You Dont Know What Love is and Star Eyes (Ill Remember April (1941)). He had worked with many lyricists before but on this particular song Gene de Paul worked with his friend Don Raye and Patricia Johnston (Ill Remember April (1941)). The lyrics portrays dickens distant lovers store the past and bring a close connection with Dorothy Fields The Way You grammatical construction Tonight (Ill Remember April (1941)).The song entered the sodium carbonate cha rts in the squinch of 1942 after being recorded by Woody Herman and his Orchestra. The song did not catch on quickly because it differed in many ways from the typical pop song of the time. The melody and form separated Ill Remember April the most from other music of the time. Songs of the time usually followed an A-A-B-A form, repeating a lot big(p) it a catchy tune. Ill Remember April however, used a 48-bar A-B-C-D-A-B form making it seem long and dragged out compared to other popular jazz songs. Wilson, McElrath, Tyle) Beboppers Charlie Parker and bud Powell were among the first to explore the songs unconventional structure, followed by an influential 1950 enter by Red Norvos trio with Tal Farlow and Charles Mingus (Ill Remember April (1941)). The truly musicality of the song is quite complex with many chord changes and samara changes. The song starts off in G but has a false key change to Bb major during the first eight measures of the bridge (Wilson, McElrath, Tyle). The ton e of the song is major it moves rather step wise throughout.The chord progression of the song is a twist and turn roller coaster taking you from a G to a E major back to the G then to a D7. This is important because it allows for many different substitutions of chords and improvisations. (Wilson, McElrath, Tyle) One of the most important and defining elements in Jazz is improvisation. It is expected that during any jazz performance one or more musicians will improvise. Improvisation is so common that most of the time a musician will not perform the selfsame(prenominal) piece the same way twice. even so the freedom given to jazz musicians does come with some boundaries. Ill Remember April gives much leeway to improvisation as long as they are chosen care totaly so as to at least imply a logical harmonic progression (Wilson, McElrath, Tyle). Typical jazz instruments are the saxophone, clarinet, flute, vibraphone, trumpet, piano, guitar, banjo, tuba, double bass, bass guitar, vocals, trombone and drum kit. The size of the band can vary greatly in jazz however from an ensembles which can have as little as two people to big bands that can have as many as 30 people.The Jazz show that I saw was a trio including a pianist, bassist and drummer. The setting in which I saw ll Remember April performed is much different then the setting I would have seen it in 1942. I saw the song be performed in a rather fancy evening setting at a Jazz Club where there was dinners and drinks being served. The club was advanced and well designed. The backdrop behind the performers was a large window outlooking part of the New York City skyline.Around 75 people went to the club to watch a well respected trio play their rendition of Ill Remember April, as well as several other songs. In 1942 I would not have been able to go to a club one night and be served dinner as I listened to a band play the song. At first the only way to hear the song was in the movies it was featured in. The song w as featured in the 1942 film Ride em Cowboy as I had mentioned earlier, it was also in the 1942 movie Strictly in the Groove and was again featured in the 1945 movie Eve K refreshed Her Apples.It is not until later that I would have been able to sit down at a jazz club or concert hall to see the piece be performed. Anita Boyer enter of Ill Remember April appeared on the album The nat King Cole triple The MacGregor Years 1941-1945 disc 4 (Wilson, McElrath, Tyle). Since then Ill Remember April has been recorded hundreds of time by various artists throughout the long time. The songs unconventional characteristics became assets, and it found favor as a bop vehicle (Wilson, McElrath, Tyle).Each performance of Ill Remember April takes on its own identity according to the performer. Artists have put their own twists on the song sometimes even implying a Latin-feel or they have stuck close to the original. The aspect of flexibility while maintaining the same brilliant theme makes Ill Rem ember April so exciting making artists recreate the classic for years. beforehand going to the concert I listened to Ill Remember April performed by Charlie Parker. Charlie Parker was an extremely influential jazz saxophonist. He recorded Ill Remember April on July 5, 1950. epoch having the same melody Charlie Parkers version of Ill Remember April and the chronicle Charlap Trios version differed greatly. The biggest difference was the use of instruments. The batting order Charlap Trio did not include a saxophone. I had expected to hear a saxophone so at first it took a second for my ears to adjust when the Bill Charlap Trio began to play the song. I personally preferred the saxophone. I thought it gave the song a very demanding tone catching the audiences attention while at the same time it gave the song a very magically, flowing feeling.The saxophone was also backed up by other instruments like the piano which gave it a full rich sound. The piano, bass, and drums of the Bill Cha rlap Trio also gave a good performance however I felt it lacked a clear lead instrument how the saxophone did for Parkers rendition. One aspect I did like more in the Bill Charlap Trios version was the elongated piano solo. Solos are very important in jazz music and they occur often. Solos give artists the opportunity to improvisation keeping the piece fresh and giving it an element of surprise.Throughout the Bill Charlap Trios performance there were many solos. In Ill Remember April it was the pianos time to shine. I enjoyed the solo because it showed off Bill Charlaps talent and kept the piece exciting. An interesting aspect of his solo was he included a verse from Dorothy Fieldss The Way You Look Tonight which as I mentioned earlier gave inspiration to the writing of Ill Remember April. Overall I enjoyed listening the piece live better than the recording because it allowed the music to come alive rather than just listening to a recording.Going to the concert opened my eyes to wha t seems to be a whole new world. I was very anxious and nerve about what to expect when I went to the Jazz Club but when I got there I was pleasantly surprised. The music was entertaining and I loved the experience. Looking up the history of the songs continued to spark my interest. It is very interesting to see how music written seventy years ago is still influential and played in modern settings such as a Jazz Club.

Industrialisation and Identity Essay

In 1889 Chicago had the peculiar qualifications of growth which made such adventuresome pilgrimages hitherto on the part of younker girls plausible. Its many and growing commercial opportunities gave it widespread fame, which made of it a giant magnet, drawing to itself, from all(prenominal) quarters, the hopeful and the hopeless those who had their fortune yet to make and those whose fortunes and personal matters had reached a disastrous climax elsewhere. (Dreiser 15f) At the turn of the nineteenth century, the industrialisation brought just about direful metamorphose in the US.With innovations and inventions like the steam engine, railroads, electrimetropolis, teleph sensations and telecommunicateing, the structure of American society shifted and evolved. People from the rural beas started flocking to the big cities in hopes of finding drill and a better life, a dream many chased in vain. The fighter in Theodore Dreisers novel baby Carrie, 18-year old country girl Carr ie Meeber, is one of the hopeful she leaves her hometown to find happiness and success in the big city of Chicago.At first, she stays with relatives and experiences the miserable, tiresome day-to-day struggle of the working middle-class of job-hunting and then hard menial labour in a factory. However, she soon grows tire of her situation. She lets herself be mesmerised by the wealth displayed by others, which both intimidates her and fills her with an insatiable longing for money and status. With this desire growing in her heart, she is willing to make all the sacrifices to achieve her goal, leaving her safe, but unexciting home to live with Charles Drouet, a man whom she barely knows, but who offers her a comfortable lifestyle.Nevertheless, Carrie still is not satisfied, so she leaves him for the wealthier George Hurstwood and continues to search for a representation to success and happiness by obtaining status and commodities, losing herself in the process. In his novel Sister C arrie, Theodore Dreiser illustrates how the industrialisation did not only change the structure of American society at the turn of the 19th century, but also have a deep impact on the consumer culture and psyche consumer behaviour of the American middle-class, marking the radical of the impossible quest of struggling to create ones identity through consumption.The Industrialisation The inventions and innovations of the industrialisation brought about great change for American society and peoples everyday lives. Roughly before 1750, even though the Americans with their steadily advancing frontier were a very progress-oriented people, the general expectation was to die in a world not much different to the one one was born in. (Cross 53) However, during and after the industrialisation, the increase development of ground-breaking new technology did not only affect the economy, but also the way people viewed the world.The inventions of the steam engine and electricity, the new ways of travel and communication all over long distances and new forms of retail created new employment and consumption possibilities (Cross 53), allowing a more and more comfortable and luxurious lifestyle in the cities for the upper-class and those middle-class citizens who were able to afford to keep up with the latest trends and fashions. The steam engine is said to be the central invention of the industrialisation achievement from the 18th to the 20th century, as it inspired as many technological advances as no other invention before it.Invented in Britain at the beginning of the 18th century, Gary Cross explains it took quite some time until was imported, adapted and improved by the Americans to fit their requires. In the 18th century, he reasons, there was no need for an alternative source of energy, as vast forests, coal deposits and water energy were available. In the 19th century, however, this indifferent attitude towards the steam engine changed fundamentally and its proba ble as an energy source for manufacturing was exploited. Cross 84) By 1830, only about five per cent of the American factories employ steam power by 1900, it was over 80 per cent. (Cross 93) Steam also found its uses in the non-industrial sector as central heating for buildings. In Sister Carrie, Carrie delights in her modern New York flatcar supplied with steam-heat and a bath with hot and cold water (307). In addition to that, the steam engine was applied in the area of transportation as energy source for street cars, steam boats, and locomotives.The railroad had a tremendous effect on both the American economy and society in the 19th century. Daniel W. Howe mentions three main consequences of the railroad (among many others) Firstly, it sped up the process of urbanisation by connecting rural areas to the big cities. (Howe 565) For example, Chicago, one of the main stricttings of Sister Carrie, evolved from a crossroads of less than 100 inhabitants in 1830 to a city of 30,000 in 1850, which would have been absolutely inconceivable without the railroad. (Howe 567) In 1889, the time the story of the novel sets in, its population is greater than 50,000 (16). Secondly, allowing the efficient transport of commodities across the country by shortening waiting times and cutting costs, the railroad not only led to a tremendous change in trading business, but also provided the incentive for technological advancement in steel production as well as in the capacity and safety of trains and tracks, laying the groundwork for further innovation of methods of transport later in history. Howe 566)Finally, as a comparatively convenient and affordable way of traveling, railroads also provided the opportunity for long-distance trips and vacations in uttermost-away places even for the American middle-class. (Howe 565) There are two reasons for taking the train in Sister Carrie for business purposes, and with the flavor of moving to another city. Interestingly, there are no actual vacations taking place in the novel merely plans of travel are mentioned, mostly afield trips to Europe (142357). Of far more interest are Drouet and his ambivalent feelings about business travel.He undoubtedly enjoys meeting and flirting with the ladies he meets on the road. He has no reservations of striking up a chat with Carrie on her first train journey from her hometown to Chicago, who (unsurprisingly) is very impressed by Drouet and his knowledge of the various places he has visited on business. (4ff) Drouet is a drummer, a travelling salesman, a job requiring the railway for fast long-distance travel. For him, train journeys hold no deep meaning they are simply a necessary part of his work.In a short flirtation with a chambermaid, he reveals that he travels far, but does not care for travelling all that much, explaining, You get tired of it after a spot. (200) The same trip, merely a boring return of a business trip for Drouet, is a life-altering, exciting journe y for Carrie. Never having travelled before, she is reassured by the thought that home will never be far away since the cities were bound more closely by these very trains which came up daily (3). The railroad shortened travel times drastically.While it took five weeks to travel from Chicago over the Appalachians to New York in 1790, lxx years later the distance could be crossed in merely two days. (Cross 104) Originally, Carrie moves from the countryside to the city because she is in need of work however, her expectations for her future are far more ambitious. Her hopes of fortune and fame she projects on this onrushing train, which was merely speeding to get there. (3) The second and by far most striking journey in Sister Carrie, however, is the elopement of Carrie and Hurstwood.Having stolen a large sum of money from his employers, he tricks Carrie into leaving Chicago with him on a train bound for Detroit, from where they continue to Montreal, Canada. Again, all hope is set o n the train as the (only) way to a better future. In this case it is Hurstwood, who in his desperation loses all eloquence, who considers the only possible future as a thing which concerns the Canadian line. (275) Making the train his lifeline, he hopes to cross the border as soon as possible, since abroad he will be safe from the legal repercussions of his crime.Hurstwood manages to persuade Carrie to stay with him, but since life in Montreal does not seem worthwhile to either of them, they soon decide to move on to New York, again with the hope of a promising future awaiting them once they get off the train. The invention of the telegraph revolutionised long-distance communication thoroughly, possibly even more so than the railroad did long-distance transportation. Professor Samuel Finley Breese Morse and his team were the first to develop a commercially viable kind of electric telegraph in America by 1848, the system of wires reached Chicago. Howe 695) Research and experiments l ed to Thomas Edison finding a way of sending messages back and forth over one wire at the same time in the 1870s and to his invention of the phonograph, with which messages could be recorded. (Cross 176)Unlike the telephone, which was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876 and was chiefly used for social purposes (Cross 181), the telegraph was mostly used for commercial purposes and training transmission. It also found its use in communication on the railroad, improving the safety and efficiency of trains. Cross 102) In Sister Carrie, the telegraph and even the telephone have short appearances at crucial points in the story, both concerning Hurstwoods crime and dramatic escape. Coming across a famous drug store with one of the first private telephone booths ever erected (271), Hurstwood phones the train station to obtain information regarding the train times, as he wishes to leave as soon as possible. Opposed to the novelty of the telephone so explicitly stressed by Dreiser, th e already well-established telegraph is casually integrated in the story.On the train bound for Detroit, Hurstwood worries that the afternoon papers might already cover his theft and wonders what telegraphs might add together (282), indicating his fear of not being able to escape fast enough. The telegraph was a useful tool for the police to coordinate searches and catching criminals before they were beyond reach, apparently leading to a few successful arrests. (288) Once in Canada, Hurstwood anxiously checks the newspaper, and, among the riff-raff of the telegraphed murders, accidents, marriages and other news items from out the length and breadth of the land (297), he discovers a small notice of his own crime.Because he cannot see himself staying abroad, he tries to negotiate with his former employers the return of the money and a possible rehiring, the latter of which obviously eliciting a much colder response than the firstalso via telegraph. (302) Electricity was one huge ste p towards a modern economy and society. At first mainly used to replace gas lighting, its uses expanded rapidly with every new innovation and improvement of existing technology as mentioned, the telegraph and telephone depended on electric energy, and the electronic signal for the railway introduced in 1872 greatly improved the safety of trains. Cross 102)However, in the first years, electricity was mainly used to fashioning America a brighter placein the literal sense. (Cross 157) Brighter and cleaner than gas lighting, the electric light bulb invented by Thomas Edison in 1879 gradually took over homes, offices, and city streets. (Cross 158) In the late 1880s, steam-powered street cars in many cities were replaced by electric ones, as they were a faster alternative to get the workers from their homes to their work places and back.They were also less expensive, and the inevitable pollution was concentrated in the area the energy was generated and not spread throughout the city elec tric streetcars did, however, increase preventative pollution. (Cross 159 168) Light is the element creating the most obvious distinction between places of luxury and places of suffering in Sister Carrie The former are all bathed in light, while the latter are cast in shadow or are dimly lit at best. For example, the shoe factory Carrie works in in the beginning is xtremely poorly lit (36f), while the department stores as temples of consumption and the streets as their runways are practically aglow (30).As their financial situation in New York becomes irreversibly dire, Hurstwood one day finds Carrie reading, quite alone. It was rather dark in the flat, shut in as it was. (358) Bright lights, on the other hand, are abundant in places Carrie enjoys being she quite literally experiences the bright side of life when she dines out with friends at Sherrys, a very popular and expensive eating house the high society of New York likes to dine at.She marvels at the splendid dining chamber , all decorated and aglow, where the wealthy ate, with its incandescent lights, the reflection of their glow in graceful glasses, and the shine of gilt upon the walls . On the ceilings were colored traceries with more gilt, leading to a centre where spread a broad circle of lightincandescent globes mingled with glitter prisms and stucco tendrils of gilt.

Hersheys Chocolate Essay

Hersheys familiarity originated with candy-manufacturer Milton Hersheys decision in 1894 to produce sweet java as a coating for his caramels. Located in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, the new enterprise was named the Hershey coffee bean plant corporation. In 1900, the political party began producing take out coffee tree in prohibit, wafers and other shapes. With mass production, Hershey was able to lower the per-unit cost and make take out chocolate, once a luxury item for the wealthy, affordable to all. A party on the move.The immediate success of Hersheys low-cost, high-quality milk chocolate soon caused the beau mondes owner to consider increasing his production facilities. He decided to build a new chocolate factory amid the gently rolling farmland of south-central Pennsylvania in Derry Township, where he had been born. Close to the ports of New York and Philadelphia that supplied the imported sugar and cocoa beans needed, surrounded by dairy farms that provided the milk required, and the location was perfect. By the summer of 1905, the new factory was turning out delicious milk chocolate. New products, hard times.Throughout the next two decades, all the same much products were added to the attach tos offerings. These include MR. GOODBAR candy Bar (1925), HERSHEYS Syrup (1926), HERSHEYS chocolate chips (1928) and the KRACKEL bar (1938). Despite the Great Depression of the 1930s, these products helped the newly incorporated Hershey Chocolate Corporation maintain its profitability and avoid any worker layoffs. HERSHEYS chocolate goes to war.With the outbreak of World War II, the Hershey Chocolate Corp. (which had provided milk chocolate bars to American doughboys in the first gear war) was already ge ared up to start producing a survival ration bar for military use. By the end of the war, more than a billion Ration D bars had been produced and the bon ton had earned no less than five Army-Navy E Production Awards for its exceptional contributio ns to the war effort. In fact, the companys machine shop even turned out parts for the Navys antiaircraft guns. A family friend becomes a family member.The postwar period saw the introduction of a host of new products and the acquisition of an old one. Since 1928, H.B. Harry Reeses Candy Company, also located in Hershey, had been devising chocolate-covered peanut butter cups. Given that Hershey Chocolate Company supplied the coating for REESES penny cups, (the wrapper said, Made in Chocolate Town, So They Must Be Good), it was non surprising that the two companies had a good relationship. As a result, seven years after Reeses death in 1956, the H.B. Reese Candy Company was sold to Hershey Chocolate Corp. Growing up and branching out.The following decades would see the company renamed Hershey Foods Corporation in 1968 expanding its confectionary product lines, acquiring colligate companies and even diversifying into other solid food products. Among the many a(prenominal) acqui sitions were San Giorgio Macaroni and Delmonico Foods (1966) manufacturing and marketing rights to English candy company Rowntree MacKintoshs products (1970) Y&S Candies, makers of TWIZZLERS licorice (1977) Dietrich Corp.s confectionery operations (1986) Peter Paul/Cadburys U.S. confectionery operations (1988) and Ronzoni Foods (1990). The Hershey Company enters a new century.Today, The Hershey Company is the leading North American manufacturer of chocolate and non-chocolate confectionery and grocery products. As the new millennium begins, The Hershey Company continues to introduce new products frequently and take advantage of growth opportunities through acquisitions. HERSHEYS products are known and enjoyed all over the world. In fact, the company exports to over 90 countries. The Hershey Company remains committed to the vision and values of the man who started it all so many years ago. A New Company 1894In the beginning, the Hershey Chocolate Company was simply a wholly owned subs idiary of Milton Hersheys Lancaster caramel brown Company. Using chocolate-making equipment purchased at the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago, the company produced baking chocolate, cocoa and sweet chocolate coatings for the parent companys caramels. But things changed with the hiring of William Murrie to betray the excess product to other confectioners. Murrie was so successful a salesman that the Hershey Chocolate Company quickly turned into a viable concern on its own. Milton Hershey became even more convinced that his future in the candy business lay in chocolate, not caramels. Sweet Chocolate Novelties 1895 1909By 1895, the Hershey Chocolate Company was manufacturing 114 antithetical items in all sorts of sizes and shapes. Many were sea tanged with vanilla and given luxurious-sounding names like LeRoi de Chocolate, Petit Bouquets and Chocolate Croquettes. Chocolate segars and cigarettes were also quite popular. Some chocolate cigarettes and cigars, such as Vassar Gems and Smart Set Cigarettes, were purposely marketed to women as an alternative to the tobacco variety. Chocolate was also touted as a source of quick energy for athletes. The Baby in the Bean 1898On August 1, 1898, the company adopted a very distinctive symbol for its trademark. The small child in a cocoa bean pod appeared on cans of HERSHEYS COCOA up until 1936, when it was finally replaced by the block lettering familiar today. The Baby in the Bean went through many incarnations, sometimes holding a cup of cocoa, sometimes a chocolate bar. Even the childs hair and facial expression underwent changes over the years. The logotype symbol was finally retired in 1968, when the company was reorganized as Hershey Foods Corporation. Finding the Formula 1895 1904While his company was successful enough selling sweet chocolate products, Milton Hershey was certain the real market lay in milk chocolate. The problem was in maturation a formula for manufacturing it cheaply and efficiently, whil e still maintaining a high level of quality. Hershey built a milk-processing plant on the family farm in Derry Township in 1896 and spent the next several years developing a viable formulation for milk chocolate. Hershey worked day and night, going back and forth between the condensing room and the creamery, rarely even stopping for meals. Finally, in 1899, he cracked the recipe and became the first American to manufacture milk chocolate. Hershey Goes to Cuba 1916With the onset of World War I, the European beet sugar, which Hershey had been using to make his milk chocolate, became increasingly scarce. So, searching for a more dependable source, Milton Hershey started acquiring cane sugar plantations and constructing refineries in Cuba. Typically, he also established a planned alliance for the workers, called Central Hershey, based on the Pennsylvania model. Hersheys Cuban holdings eventually included 60,000 acres of land, five mills, a 251-mile railroad and, not surprisingly, a ci vilise for orphaned children. By the end of World War II, the company found it no longer needed its Cuban sources, and its sugar and railway interests were sold to the Cuban-Atlantic gelt Company. Expanding and Innovating.Stepping Stones Many Hershey products that are familiar today were originally produced for the confectionary trade and were ulterior reformulated for consumers. HERSHEYS powdered cocoa, for example, has been manufactured continuously since 1894. Also, Hershey was the first to sell chocolate syrup for home use beginning in 1926. Not all products under the HERSHEY brand were so successful in the marketplace. HERSHEYS mint-flavored chewing gum, introduced in 1915, enjoyed besides brief popularity. And a creation named the Not-So-Sweet bar was introduced in 1934, only to be discontinued in 1937. A Kiss and Tell StoryOf course, the very first addition to the HERSHEYS product line of milk chocolate confections was HERSHEYS KISSES Chocolates way back in 1907. Original ly, each one was hand-wrapped in a material of silver foil, but in 1921 machine wrapping was introduced, along with the addition of the unique plume which marked it as a genuine HERSHEYS KISSES Chocolate. The chocolates were not produced at all from 1942 through 1949 due to the rationing of silver foil during and immediately after World War II. HERSHEYS KISSES Chocolates were wrapped in colorize other than silver for the first time in 1962. HERSHEYS KISSES with almonds were introduced in 1990 and the first successful HERSHEYS product using white chocolate, HERSHEYS HUGS, in 1993. Sweet InventionsTwo of the most successful products launched during 20s were the MR. GOODBAR and KRACKEL bars. MR. GOODBAR, combining milk chocolate and peanuts, was introduced in November of 1925. According to popular legend, Milton Hershey himself named the new product. Upon tasting it, he is said to call for exclaimed, Now, thats a good bar The KRACKEL bar was introduced on September 14, 1938. During its first few years, the formula for the confection changed several times, with almonds, and then peanuts, being included along with crisped rice in milk chocolate. Finally, the nuts were eliminated altogether in 1943, leaving the crispy milk chocolate recipe enjoyed by one million millions ever since. Mr. Reese and his CupsIn 1923, a former Hershey employee named H.B. Reese decided to start his own candy company out of the basement of his home. He made several different kinds of candy, but it wasnt until five years later that he hit upon his greatest idea a confection of peanut butter covered by milk chocolate (purchased, incidentally, from the Hershey Chocolate Company). During World War II, he discontinued his other product lines and concentrated on producing only REESES peanut butter cups. Despite its dependence on only a single product, Reeses company prospered, and in 1963 the H.B. Reese Candy Company was purchased by the Hershey Chocolate Corporation. Since then, the REESES product line has crowing to include REESES PIECES candies, the NUTRAGEOUS candy bar and REESESTICKS. Going to WarThe Ration D Bar The U.S. Armys requirements were quite specific. For troops engaged in a global war, they needed a ration bar that weighed about four ounces, would not melt at high temperatures, was high in food energy value, and did not taste so good that soldiers would be tempted to eat it except in an emergency. This last objective in particular was certainly a new one for the Hershey Chocolate Corporation. Nevertheless, its chocolate technologists came up with something that passed all tests. Named Field Ration D, it was so successful that by the end of 1945, approximately 24 million bars were being produced every week. More successful still was HERSHEYS Tropical Chocolate Bar, a heat resistant bar with an improved flavor developed in 1943. In 1971, this bar even went to the moon with Apollo 15. Growing GlobalAdvertising to the Nation Except for a TV and billboard excite in Canada in 1964, the company had never really done advertising on a national scale. In 1968, the newly renamed and reorganized Hershey Foods Corporation announced plans for a nationwide consumer advertising campaign spearheaded by the famous Ogilvy & Mather ad agency. Starting with a Sunday newspaper supplement in July, 1970, followed two months later by television and radio commercials, the campaign was an immediate success. Sales of REESES peanut butter cups and HERSHEYS KISSES Chocolates, in particular, rose dramatically. But while the company today continues to advertise in all media, the quality of our products is still our best form of advertising. Milton Hershey would have liked that. E.T. Makes a Good ChoiceIn the advance(prenominal) 1980s, Hershey executive Jack Dowd met with Hollywood manufacturing business Steven Spielberg and struck a deal to include REESESS PIECES candy in Spielbergs upcoming film, E.T. The Extraterrestrial. When Hershey Chocolate Company Pres ident Earl Spangler first saw the movies promotional materials, he told Dowd, Thats the ugliest creature Ive ever seen.After its successful premiere, the movie was screened by the companys managers and top brass. When the film ended, there was first silence, then wild applause. Like many others, Spangler emerged from the theater with moist eyes. Is he still ugly, Earl? Dowd asked. Replied the company president, Hes beautiful Both the lovable alien and his candy of choice became instant hits nationwide. Hershey Goes InternationalIn addition to being the leading producer of chocolate and non-chocolate confectionary and other grocery products in North America, The Hershey Company also carries on a significant international presence with operations in more than 90 different countries. Hersheys International division exports HERSHEYS chocolate and grocery products worldwide and maintains licensing agreements with partners in nations such as South Korea, Japan, the Philippines and Taiwan. We dont believe Milton Hershey would have been at all surprised to learn that his HERSHEYS KISSES Chocolates are especially popular in Japan. Top of the ChartsThrough unceasing technical modernization, strategically astute acquisitions and continued new product development, The Hershey Company grew spectacularly in the last 30 years of the 20th century. From $334 million in 1969, the companys net sales soared to $4.4 billion in 2004. The Hershey Company is the leading North American manufacturer of quality chocolate and non-chocolate confectionery and chocolate-related grocery products. The company also is a leader in the gum and mint category.

Nursing Theory Essay

Motivation theories includeAchievement- need theory Expectancy theory Equity theory Motivation theories are derived predominantly from the work ofAbraham Maslow (a psychologist) Achievement-motivation theory developed by focusing Atkinson, McClelland, and Veroff Aspects of soulfulnessality characteristics and proposes 3 forms of motivation/needs in work situations ( consummation, office staff, affiliation) Individuals are not as concerned with the rewards of achievement as they are with the actual achievement areAchievement (high need achievement)Expectancy theory Major concept In 1964 Vroom decided to add the concept of expectancy, instrumentality & valence to motivation Expectancy is define as Instrumentality describes Valance is In Short, the Expectancy Theory states thatDeveloped by Victor Vroom in 1960s The effect of mightiness and motivation on performance Performance = ability X motivation Performance = expectancy x instrumentality x valence The association between the a ction and the conclusion of the action (action will pass to achieve goal) The type of outcome derived b/c of an action (achievement of a goal will lead to reward)The value placed on the desirability of the outcome by the employee An individual will act (performance) in a certain manner b/c there is an expectation (motivation) that the act will result in an outcome. Equity theory Developed by This theory attempts to describe Stacy Adams-a research psychologist The relationship in which an individual give something (input) and in exchange sires something (outcome) Ex an individual expects that if he/she works hard at a job (input), he/she will receive compensation or recognition (outcome) based on what he/she put inConcepts of power, empowerment, and change Power is The larger concept from which authority is derived Power is defined asInfluence wielded (used) by an individual or group of individuals to change behaviors & attitudes and to sway decisions Authority isA formal right ba sed on the managers position in the organization. A source of legitimate power 5 bases/sources of powerReward, coercive, legitimate, referent, and expert power Coercive, reward, & legitimate power are considered formal bases of powerReferent & expert power are personal bases of power Two other bases of power Informational power vs. charismatic powerInformational power is the power held by an individual who has the information necessary for others to touch a task or goal Charismatic power is the power that attracts one individual to another Empowerment isThe transfer or delegation of responsibleness & authority from managers to employees empowerment is the sharing of power (sharing vision, mission, knowledge, expertise) Change Planned Change TheoryCentral to Lewin theory A field Force select 2 forces (driving force vs. restraining forces) By Kurt Lewin (a German psychologist if u care ) The concepts of field and force Can be viewed as a system (if one take up of the system change, then the whole system must be examined to determine the effect of that change) Driving force encourages/facilitates movement to a new direction, goal, or outcome Restraining force (opposite with driving force). Restraining forces block or impede progress toward the goal.Problem-Solving and decision-making processes The Rational Decision-Making ModelInvolves a cognitive process where each step follows in a limpid order from the one before. By cognitive, It means -based on thinking through and weighing up the alternatives to come up with the best potential result. Bounded rational decision-making model (Bounded rationality) Means that humans are unable to energise entirely rational decision b/c of the limits of human mental abilities and b/c of the influence of external force on decision making.A decision maker is said to exhibit bounded rationality when they consider fewer options than are actually available, or when they choose an option that is not the best overall but is best within the current circumstances. E. g. , someone spills coffee on a shirt in a restaurant, and goes next door and buys a poorly accommodation shirt to change into immediately. Obviously it would be optimal to buy a proper fitting shirt. But if the person is in a hurry and cannot wear a wet, coffee stained shirt, then buying the poorly fitting one is appropriate.This is an example of bounded rationality Group Decision Making modelOften used when the decision is complex, such as when a new process or product is being developed. Advantage the decision made may be higher quality Major errors may be avoided Disadvantage Take agelong to reach decision May lead to compromises that really do not solve the problem Organizational Quantitative Decision-Making Techniques Rely on facts & quantitative measures (data based) to make decisions (although intuition & judgment still influence the decision making process) Conflict ManagementCharacteristics of a conflict situation Conflict Mod e Model 2 types of response cooperativeness vs assertiveness Thomas & Kilmann (1974) 5 conflict-handling modes/strategies Thomas (1976) recommended that the FIRST COURSE of action is to discern (recognize) the other partys intent in causing the conflict before determining how to respond Cooperativeness focus on statisfying the other persons concern Assertiveness focus on statisfying ones own concern 1. Competing or forcing used when the issue is important, needs speedy resolution .Ex. An individual pursues his own concerns at the other persons expense. This is a power-oriented mode in which you use whatever power seems appropriate to win your own position. (Assertive but uncooperative) 2. Accomodation opposite of competing. When accomodating the individual neglects his own concerns to stisfy the concerns (assertive and cooperative) 3. dodging the person neither pursues his own concerns nor those of the other individual.

Lou Gehrig

The sport of baseball has produced some legendary, iconic players since its inception in the late 1800s. However, there is virtuoso particular legend that stands erupt from the rest Lou Gehrig. Lou Gehrig was one of baseballs greats, had a record setting career and a life claimed by a disease bearing his name. When Lou benched himself in 1939, nobody, including himself, imagined he would be dead in just two short years.Lou Gehrig was born June 19, 1903 to Heinrich and Christina Gehrig, Ger manhood immigrants. They made their stand in Yorkville, in the Upper East Side of freshly York City and eventually moved to upper Manhattan when Lou was four. Shortly after settling in their new fundament, Lou received his first baseball glove, a catchers mitt, for Christmas at the age of five. At the park across the street from the Gehrig home, Lou would play baseball with the erstwhile(a) children in the neighborhood. Even though Lou was scarcely half dozen, he was similar in size to the other children as he was big and strong a very husky fellow but very shy. Like the older children, Lou would arise at five each morning and play baseball in the park until it was conviction to go to school. In this park is where it began for Lou Gehrig (Hubler, 1941).By the quantify Lou entered Commerce High School he was a big, burly young man weighing nearly two hundred pounds with extremely broad shoulders. In the park, he could hit a baseball further than anyone around. However, Lou did not participate in baseball as a school sport he considered himself an ordinary bicycle neighborhood sandlot player. At some point during Lous high school career, classmates told his teacher about how far he could hit a baseball. After interview this information, the teacher demanded Lou show up at one of the scheduled high school baseball crippleds. Lou did show up, heard all of the cheering, turned around, and went directly home. Lou was so terrified that he literally ran away from his firs t high school baseball game. The next day his teacher demanded that Lou show up for the next game and threatening a failing grade if he did not show up. Lou Gehrig was forever grateful for the teachers threat that day (Macht, 1993).Lous parents cherished him to attend college even though he wanted to work and earn money for the family. Fortunately, Christina worked for a fraternity house at Columbia University managed by the universitys athletic director. Because of this working relationship and a tremendous amount of studying, Columbia offered Lou an athletic scholarship and he accepted. Before the baseball season started, someone had talk over Lou to go to Connecticut to play for east unite, a professional team, to gain more than experience and he would be paid to play. While playing for the Eastern League, the Columbia University baseball coach discovered that Lou was playing professionally and therefore breaching his contract with Columbia. Lou was not allowed to play his e ntire freshman year as a consequence of breaching his contract (Macht, 1993).By Lous sophomore year at Columbia, his fielding was erratic but his hitting improved with much practice. He was austere and extremely wild as a pitcher and terrible in the outfield. Finally the manager placed Lou at first base where he required only to catch direct throws or scoop up ground balls. His hitting continued to evolve and he was hitting the ball more than 420 feet. During this magazine at Columbia, professional league teams were taking notice of Lou and making offers. It was not until his mother fell ill that he accepted a $1500 bonus to jointure the New York Yankees and dropped out of Columbia University after two years (Hubler, 1941).The new Yankee immediately became frustrated with his newfound job. He practiced with the team, watched the other players, worked out in the bullpen and everything in between. However, he never played in a game. Finally, after several weeks of warming the bench , the Yankees manager called on Lou to pinch-hit for the pitcher during a game at Washington. He struck out. A few days later, during at game with St. Louis, Lou was sent to the plate again and hit a discover drive for a double. The Yankees manager knew that Lou needed more playing exerpeience and decided to send him to Hartford, Connecticut, to play with the Hartford Club (Macht, 1993). Lous time in Hartford proved to be beneficial. In the short time he was there, he hit 69 home runs in 59 games. In September, the Yankees first baseman injured his ankle. The Yankees immediately sent for Lou to take injured first basemans place. Lou was finally in the Yankees line-up.The Yankees went on to win the pennant that season and for the third year in a row they were in the World Series. However, Lou had joined the Yankee line-up too late in the season. He was not eligible to play in the Series unless the opposing teams manager would allow him to do so. Unfortunately, the manager of the opp osition refused the request and Lou warmed the bench as he watched his team win the World Series for the first time.The 1927 season brought baseballs greatest team The New York Yankees. The first six puzzle outters in the Yankees order made up Murderers Row with Babe Ruth in the 3rd position and Lou in the 4th or clean-up position. According to The 1927 NY Yankees (2011) the Yankees were Graced with the batting phenomenon pair of Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig (1927-Murderers Row, para. 2). Even though Babe Ruth had the most home runs during the 1927 season, Lou had the highest batting second-rate of anyone on the famed Murderers Row. The Yankees went on to win 110 games and swept the Pirates in the World Series.The 1927 season also brought somewhat of a pugilism between Lou and the Babe. The fest was never anything but friendly between the two as they cheered each other on through the season. This slugfest was a brutal neck-and-neck, back-and-forth home run race. At times the two of them (sometimes referred to as the Twins) tied in home run hits, times when the Babe was ahead of Lou and other times when Lou was ahead of the Babe. This activity continued for nearly the entire 1927 season. During the last month of the season, Lou could not keep up with the Babe and eventually he fell crapper him in the home run race. Lou ended the season with 47 home runs.Lou Gehrig had an astounding career with many achievements and records during his time with the New York Yankees. He played 2,130 unbent games with the Yankees between the years of 1925 and 1939. This record stood for 56 years until it was broken in 1995. He became the first American League player to hit four homeruns in one game, won the Triple Crown in 1934 and inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939 (CMG Worldwide, 2003).Lou currently holds several records in the world of baseball including Major League and team records for the New York Yankees. First, Major League records currently held by Lou Geh rig are four home run hits in one game, most grand slams (23) in a career, most runs batted in by a lefthander in one season, most seasons with 100+ runs batted in consecutively and most seasons with 150+ runs batted in consecutively (Baseball Almanac, Inc 2000-2011).Additionally, the current New York Yankees team records held by Lou include grand slams (23), hits resulting in double bases (534), hits resulting in triple bases (163), and runs batted in (1,995). Lou also holds several of the tot two spots in the Yankees record books including second highest batting average, hits, home runs by a lefthander, on base percentage, runs scored, slugging average, and total bases (Baseball Almanac, Inc. 2000-2011). To say that Lou Gehrig had a soundly career with the Yankees is an understatement.The 1938 season brought some changes for Lou Gehrig. He was off to a slow start at the beginning and was not hitting like usual. By summer several players from other teams were noticing that Lou w as walking and running like an old man. It was also noted by some pitchers that Lous reflexes seemed to be slow, and although he was swinging the bat as hard as he always had, the balls were not going nearly as far. By the end of the season his batting average was hatful to .295. Lou had higher expectations of himself considering his .351 average the season onward (Macht, 1993).In early 1939 Lou was determined to bounce back for the upcoming season but he was developing more trouble physically. He had fallen while fishing, had problems stepping off curbs, and small items would fall out of his hands. Finally, even thou Lou would not admit something was seriously wrong, in June he visited the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, where he underwent numerous tests. On June 19, 1939, his 36th birthday, his doctor gave him the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a disease that attacks the nerve cells that control voluntary muscles (Hubler, 1941). now this disease is also known as Lou Gehrigs disease.Lou benched himself May 2, 1939, just days prior to his diagnosis and never played for the Yankees again. By the spring of 1941 Lou was sick-abed and started to have trouble breathing. Eleanor and her mother took care of Lou around the clock. By this time he could not swallow anything other than pureed food. On Monday, June 2, 17 days before his 38th birthday and exactly 16 years to the day he took over first base for the New York Yankees, Lou Gehrig passed way in his New York home with his family by his side including his devoted dog, Yankee (Macht, 1993).Lou Gehrig is a legend a baseball icon. He was known as a decent, humble, shy and courageous man on and off the baseball field. He set many records during his career and faced his debilitating disease with nothing but courage. There will never be a number four Yankees jersey to grace a baseball field again because that number was for the one and only Lou Gehrig.

Nike ERP Implementation

What argon the failure factors for the first NIKE-12 ERP-SCM executing? completely ERP implementations take a leak risks associated that can lead to failure situations. The decomposableity of ERP systems to supporther with demanding business environment, represent outstanding challenges for companies when implementing an ERP. In the case of Nike, the situation is even more challenging because of the worldwide ERP deployment, and the large and multifactorial scope of the befuddle.Inevitably, and manage all ERP implementations, Nike-i2s project faced complications at the different stages of he implementation motorcycle only when those complications could have been minimized if the so called Critical Success Factors (CSF)I had been fancyned and managed properly. Using the 5 stages structure proposed in the narrative D unsandeding Competitive Advantage through Successful ERP Implementation Projects2, the failure factors are canvass in detail in the fol let looseing sections. First stage of implementation (project preparation) One of the failures in the Nike-i2 ERP implementation was the lack of formalize project plan/schedule. Feeling the market pressures, Nike did non commit to a isciplined plan and rushed up ERRS implementation, by began to input info for its forthcoming Spring 2001 line when the system was still to stabilize3 , giving reason to the opinions that projects can non be driven by external deadlines4.Industry experts in any case warned around the boomerang proceeds (tight and un currentistic deadlines would come back in low quality resolving powers in the future) only when Nike felt 12 technology was smaller and in that respectfore easier to implement. The result was the project failure and a financial beset (reduced profits) in the following financial periods. The executive eam as the responsibility to define the mission and scope of the project by analyzing the project business benefits and goals, and aligning them with strateg ic business goals.It is clear that in this case, Nikes executives were too pushy by trusting blindly in a forecast system that was not completely capable to Nikes business model (model was order based and not demand forecast oriented). As stated in Cnet 12 had past success projects with big clients such as Boeing, Nortel Networks, Raytheon and WalMart.. proving that 12 software is not perfect, but if implementation s done correctly, with proper planning, investment and scheduling, it will work well. 5 Implementing software is not a goal by it itself, remaking the business with the help of software is.Nike business goal was to bring to pass an efficient global make out chain by reducing inventory and manufacturing cycle, and this was a large and complex goal, thus, the software implementation could not be taken as simple and easy as Nikes executives toke it, failing to give Sustained management support to the project. In the second stage of implementation (Business Blueprint) th e failures were Nike elied too frequently in the (supposed) power of the promise technology and underestimated its impact on the business processes shifts such as orders processing, raw materials purchasing, fabric production, and demand management.That impact also hazarded the way employees and partners used to work. Anytime companies changes employees working habits, it can get difficult to them to adapt to the new reality, thus, an Effective organizational change management is critical. Nike tailed ensuring that this complex change got the right results by not integrating properly people, process and technology. Nikes business context was very complex (120000 SKUs, operations in all continents, four seasons product turn over and product life cycle very short), thus, a deep knowledge of this application was critical when implementing new business processes and ERP systems.Despite previous supply chain applications were troublesome Nike hired 12 that was in experient in the f ootwear industry. This situation could have been avoided if Nike had fittingly used consultants by integrating third-party specialists with industry experience in the projects team up. By not managing this factor, Nike took a big risk and ncreased the probabilities of failure. Nikes business requirements were too complex and over detailed (like footwears forecasting for styles, colors, sizes).If Nike had appropriately used consultants and also had promoted User involvement and participation, those experts could had shared their know-how in the definition of business requirements more realistic and aligned with the real organizational needs. The failures in the third stage of implementation (Realization) were i2s software did not allow all the need functionalities6. Usually, ERP systems do not provide all the functional requirements nd 12 system is not an exception. Thats why, ERP vendors offer interfaces to communicate with third-party products.The problem with Nike implementat ion was that there was not an Critical Success Factors is a concept presented in the report Drawing Competitive Advantage through Successful ERP Implementation Projects, by Jos Esteves Instituto de Empresa (Spain) and Joan Pastor Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona (Spain) 2 ibid 3 SCM and ERP Software Implementation at Nike From failure to success 4 http//www. cio. com/article/32335/Five_Lessons_Learned_from_Nike_s_i2_Debacle 5 ttp//news. cnet. om/i2-Nike-fallout-a-cautionary-tale/2100-1017_3-253829. hypertext mark-up language 6 SCM and ERP Software Implementation at Nike From failure to success 1 adequate infrastructure and interfaces vigilant in advance and analyseed before going live. The result was that the requirement application and its planner did not integrate easily 7. Nikes demand for high customization was one of the main failures in this project. To Avoid ERP customization, Nike could have appropriately used consultants to reduce the need of very det ail level forecasting (style, color, size).Consultants ould have brought also an experienced business vision, focus on ERP processes really needed to run Nikes business, alignment between Nikes requirements and ERP functionalities, and ERP best practices (including 2s recommendations and methodology) away stage (final preparation) is critically important to ensure the quality of the results, Nikes tailures were To ensure that the ERP accomplishes the business requirements defined at the offset of the project a Formalized testing plan is mandatory.In theory, this test plan should cover functional tests, info flow between ystems, user testing and consummateance tests. Nike did not perform any of those tests activities and the catastrophic results were trunk could not process large amounts of info. It was very slow and crashed, System could not handle thousands of variables to generate forecasts, Demand application and its planner did not integrate easily because different data formats. , System sent wide of the mark orders to manufactures and errors were not detected8 In this phase, User involvement and participation, Adequate training program and prophylactic device troubleshooting are critical to guarantee that the technical staff and end- sers know how to use the system to prepare users to perform tests and to prevent unexpected situations.These activities were not performed and under-evaluated by Nike as confirmed in the case it would work with requiring a pilot test 12 application was smaller9 No communication between forecasting and inputs from sales and marketing and no super users used in training. Data migration and data testing are crucial activities before system go-live because data is what really gives competitive advantage to a company and data is the core foundation for all business decisions, thus, an Adequate data migration process s essential. Analysts raised questions about adequacy of information that Nike input into the system. 10, this means that Nike did not planned in advance the data activities (migration, conversion, cleaning, and so on ) and in the end the result was Input data was estimated and didnt reflect the business reality, thus, forecasts could never be rightll For the final stage (go live) Nike failed in 0 Not giving sustained management support since Executives did not hold review meetings, neither analyzed forecasting results12.This transmitted a sense of no wnership and no own involvement to employees, resulting in no encouragement of system usage. From other point view, Nike also failed on the study of vendors military rating criteria 0 According to the six-stage model of the buying process for ERP software13, one evaluation criteria is Association with or the availability of third party vendor/ partners and other criteria is Qualifications, experience, and success in delivering solutions to organizations of a similar size, complexity, and geographic scope.It was clear that 12 did not had experience on the footwear industry and was not prepared or Nikes business complexity, so Nike should had decided for another vendor with industry knowledge or as an alternative to integrate 12 with a specialized third-party. 0 Nike seemed to desire the best-of-breed for individually application area, ex sucker for ERP, 12 for planning SCM, Siebel for CRM, etc. , which is not always the best option.As for 12, Nike knew that there were many disadvantages to choose this vendor, such as 12 technology could not met all business requirements data models were different between i2s demand and planner application raising integration problems with egacy systems high effort was undeniable to customization there were 2 development and delivery cycles at the same time (one for 12 and other for SAP) and 12 had no experience in industry. A better option would have been to integrate planning SCM with SAP from the very beginning, which turned out be what exactly happened atter the 12 Conclusion M project tailure.Nike-i2s ERP implementation failed in all stages of implementation on several CSF and also on the evaluation of the vendor. The failures were related generally to project management and organizational factors proving that success is much related to eople and process and not Just technology. 7 SCM and ERP Software Implementation at Nike 10 11 12 13 From failure to success ibid A six-stage model of the buying process for ERP software by Jacques Verville and Alannah Halingten 8 9 2.How do you evaluate the fiber of 12 in this process? Many factors which Nike failed to manage can also be applied for 12, resulting in a shared responsibility for the project failure. 0 12 did actually recommended Nike to minimize customization to 10-15% of the software14 but at the same Nike and 12 worked together to incorporate the desired hanges. 1 5 This means, 12 agreed to do the changes when Nike insisted on high level of customization, thus, 12 also has responsibilities on the hig h customization failure.Responsibility could be different if the level of customization was written in the contract to be limited by 10%, and above that, 12 would not offer product guarantee. 0 The project did not have formal plan and no realistic deadlines. 12 as company, cannot be Just a software vendor, it must get in on the plan definition and monitoring. By accepting Nikes deadlines, 12 was also responsible for the delays nd for the low quality of the delivered software. 0 Nike began to input data while the system was not yet stable but 12 did not force Nike to stop this.A vendor must deliver his product when it is ready and harmonize to negotiated deadlines. 0 12 did not have footwear industry knowledge but accepted to be part of the project, taking a big risk and being too ambitious like Nike was. The result was that 12 became overwhelmed with the business complexity and in the end the forecasts did not worked out as expected. 12 should had analyzed better Nikes business an d industry, nd sub-contracted a third-party specialist in that industry. Nike did not use 2s implementation methodology executives did not hold review meetings, neither analyzed forecasting results there was no pilot test and no training. A vendor must also be part of the project management team to define and negotiate formal deadlines, implementation phases, methodologies, tasks, roles, test plans, risk management plans, performance goals, etc. A vendor must assure that the contract is clear about who owns the project who is responsible for what what resources will e available during the project what are the expected benefits and results. 3.Describe the main problems associated with ERP software modification (short-term and long-term) Short-term 0 more(prenominal) time to implement a modified ERP compared with the time to implement an original ERP. 0 high be during projects implementation to pay analysts to define customized business processes and to pay programmers to customize the new functionalities on the system. 0 Higher costs to run additional tests to guarantee customized functionalities work as expected and do not affect the original system apabilities. 0 Additional costs to train end-users on the customized functionalities.

Motherland Speech Essay

dogged years ago we made a tryst with destiny, and now the period comes when we will redeem our pledge, not exclusively or in full measure, but very substantially. At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom. A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new, when an age ends and when the soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance . We end nowadays a period of ill fortune, and India discovers herself again. A country got rid of her foreign yoke and became a self-reliant nation, she celebrated her sovereignty on this day the triumph of numerous martyred souls.It was a day of fulfillment, it was the day of a new beginning, a birth of a nation.On the stroke of midnight, a country came into life again as the british handed over the governance to the leaders.The long and difficult struggle had borne fruit at last, though the happiness was marred by the fact that the country was divi ded and the violent communal riots had left the countries for good scarred. That was the price that India paid for her dearly bought freedom. The british government declared the country independent and left for their get shores.On the 15th of August, 1947, India became completely independent. It was on this historic date that Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime Minister of India, unfurled the Indian tricolor on the ramparts the magnificent Red Fort, symbolically marking the end of the british colonial rule.. Long years ago we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time comes when we shall redeem our pledge, not wholly or in full measure, but very substantially. At the stroke of the midnight hour, the world still sleeps ,ourselves to aid with them in furthering peace, freedom and democracy. And to India, our much-loved motherland, the ancient, the eternal and the ever-new, we